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Red Badge Of Courage Essays (772 words) - The Red Badge Of Courage

Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane follows the impacts of war on a Union warrior, Henry Fleming, from his ...

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Canada s Energy Policy Should Be Beneficial - 1109 Words

Canada is one of the biggest energy producer in the world. Currently Canada is ranked 5th in regards to its production of energy in the world. Canada’s energy policy, should revolve around the natural resources and their optimum use to produce cheap and clean energy, which should be environmental friendly. Our policy should be beneficial for all the Canadians living in different parts of the country and that the policy should not discriminate among the provinces. Canada is also the biggest consumer of the energy in the world, as it consume most of energy per capita because of the extreme weather conditions that it face. We need to keep ourselves warm and need to transport goods and people from one place to another. Canada s energy policy should be sound and aggressive and be comprehensive. Generally world energy is produced using the fossil fuel, whereas in Canada we have adequate alternative energy resources such as wind power, tidal power, solar energy, hydro power and nucle ar energy. Our energy policy should be developed to explore these resources. Our current state of energy resources are reliable, we use natural gas oil hydro, coal and nuclear power to produce energy. Canada s current energy resources can be divided into renewable and non-renewable resources. The renewable resources includes hydro, wind, solar, biomass, tidal power. Whereas non-renewable resources include oil, gas, coal and other fossil fuels. Canada s unique geographic location and its harshShow MoreRelatedCanada s Energy Policy Should Be Beneficial1173 Words   |  5 PagesCanada is one of the biggest energy producers in the world. Currently Canada is ranked fifth in regards to the production of energy. Canada s energy policy should revolve around the natural resources and their optimum use to create cheap and clean energy, which should be environmentally friendly. Our policy should be beneficial for all the Canadians living in different parts of the country and that the policy should not discriminate among the provinces. Canada is also the biggest consume r of theRead MoreRenewable Energy1335 Words   |  6 PagesTopic Canada should subsidize renewable energy options such as wind and solar power in order to increase the share of renewables in Canada’s energy balance. Introduction Canada government subsidizes a number of socially beneficial services, including health care, education and energy services. Subsidies to the energy sector mainly are for oil and gas production, however, they are not all socially beneficial[figure 1]. In fact, they have negative impact for the environment and hinderRead MoreCanada s Relationship With China1565 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 1, 2016 Navdeep Bains Chrystia Freeland House of Commons Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0A6 Re: Canada’s relationship with China Dear Hon. Navdeep Bains and Hon. Chrystia Freeland, We are writing on behalf of the Rotman MBA Class of 2017 concerning Canada’s current and future relationship with China. It is our opinion that more attention should be given to the potential of growth between the two counties. As the Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development and the MinisterRead MoreU.s. Foreign Oil Dependency1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof oil. About 53% of the foreign oil imported is from other Western nations such as Canada, Mexico and Brazil. 28% is from the Persian Gulf, 16% from Africa and the remaining from other areas of the world. Canada is currently the leading crude oil supplier to the US. Some believe that importing oil has benefits to our economy, while others believe it is a security threat. Some economists believe total energy independence would reduce the demand for the US dollar, as the oil trade is done isRead MoreAnalysis : Monetary And Fiscal Policy1440 Words   |  6 PagesMonetary and Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy The three member governments in NAFTA have implemented contractionary fiscal policies to achieve a solid fiscal position. These policies include a tax reform to expand the revenue base and to offset the income loss from the declining tariff collection. There has been an increase in employment, output, and aggregate demand so contractionary fiscal policies have been established. Since free trade has lowered tax collection, the governments’ have had to entailRead MoreKeystone Xl Pipeline1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who oppose it are focusing on the ways it can be detrimental to our environment. TransCanada is the corporation who wants to build the pipeline, they are resposible for building and developing safe energy infrastructires thorughout North America. In addition to importing crude oil from Canada, TransCanada believes, â€Å"the Keystone XL Pipeline will also support the significant growth of crude oil production in the United States from producers in the Bakken regi on of Montana and North Dakota† (â€Å"AboutRead MoreU.S. Automobile Manufacturing in the Twenty-First Century1540 Words   |  7 Pagesreengineering are more likely to affect human resource managers in the automobile industry (Greer, 2001, p. 68). Human Resource Issues Managers in the Automobile Industry Should Be Prepared For Based on the case study, global competition is an issue that human resource managers should be prepared for in the future. Human resource managers should emphasize the need to train and educate employees, so that employees can perform at the level of world competitive standards (Greer, 2001, p. 66). If highly skilledRead MoreHistory Of Venezuela s Political Economy1695 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates about the economic, strategic, and environmental implications of oil sector development are prominent issues in the politics of Ecuador and the policies of its government.† It is fair to say that Ecuador should be categorized as a petrol centric state, especially given that said resource nationalism is an ideology enduring from the 1970’s (Kimerling 419). Aside from the obvious environmental externality of carbon dioxide emissions, what more reason could there be for deliberation on the issueRead MoreSpectra Energy Corp ( Nyse : Se )3333 Words   |  14 PagesCompany Overvi ew: Spectra Energy Corp (NYSE: SE), is a Fortune 500 company located in Houston, Texas. It was formed in 2007 as a spin-off from Duke Energy. It is one of the largest leading pipeline and midstream companies in North America and operates in United States and Canada. (â€Å"Spectra Energy) Financials Spectra energy has different segments and they are Western Canada, Union Gas, DCP Midstream and Spectra Energy Partners. These assets have been a part of company s revenue over the last twoRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership1549 Words   |  7 Pagesgoods. Tariffs in the United States have played vital roles in trade policy, political debates and the nation’s economic history. In the U.S., tariffs are a political tool to control the amount of imports that flow into a country and decide which nations will be granted the most favorable trading conditions. High tariffs create protectionism, protecting a domestic industry’s products against foreign competition. Free trade is a policy in international markets in which governments do not restrict imports

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished - 2007 Words

Albert Einstein, a physicist and philosopher of science, â€Å"once said, no problem can be solved with the same level of thinking that created it† (Einstein). The intelligent man expressed his ideas clearly that if a killer kills someone and we also kill the killer then what would be the difference between us and the killer because we both are killers. The Death penalty was influenced by Britain. The practice was brought by European settlers for practice in U.S. The first recorded execution in the new colonies was Captain George Kendall in the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1608. Kendall was executed for being a spy for Spain (â€Å"Part I†). According to the Death Penalty Information Center, 31 States in the United States allow the death penalty and 19 states do not allow the death penalty (â€Å"Deterrence†). The death penalty should be abolished in our society because it is not an effective crime deterrent, it puts a strain on our economy, it may result in t he loss of innocent lives, and it promotes racial discrimination. According to Amnesty International Organization, as of July 2015, 101 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes in law, while 140 countries still have death penalty in law or practice. The United States is one of the countries in worldwide that still uses the death penalty. In the US, more than 3,200 people live on death row. Since 1976, when the death penalty was restored, more than 1,200 people were executed in the United States. More thanShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1925 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on discussion on the very old and yet to answer question of whether the death penalty in the USA should be abolished? The articles, however, vary in their stand on death penalty. In all article it is very different on publisher stand. They discuss thing argument with their own way and vision of thinking. Adina Nicoleta (2011) has raised question for fair trial on the proceeding of the criminal cases. In other article Maestro MarcelloRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 PagesIntro The death penalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By alteringRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words   |  7 Pagescriminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implementedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention th e many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic in the United States. It is implemented for the purpose of providing safety to the community and bringing justice to victims and their families. The death penalty is legal in thirty-one states (â€Å"31 States†), and there are over forty different types of federal capital crimes that are eligible for the death penalty. These include crimes such as treason and kidnapping that results in murder (â€Å"41 Federal†). However, many argue whether the death penalty isRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished968 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, thousands of lives are legally taken under the death penalty. Why should we take more lives than the ones that have already been taken? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, carried out legally against an individual convicted of a capital crime. Its proponents argue that the death penalty deters other criminals who may intend to commit similar crimes in the future. However, there is little statistical evidence to support this claim. Also, execution eliminates the criminalRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1350 Words   |  6 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty, also known as capital punishment is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been used by many states, and is normally used for serious crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity, espionage, and violent crimes while other states use it as part of military justice. There are mixed reactions on capital punishmentRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that by

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Applying Ethical Theory

Question: Write an essay on the topic "Applying ethical theory". Answer: The Scenario: According to the article published in The Sydney Morning Herald, it is found that a professional hackers website is experiencing security breaching. According to Liam Tung, the author of the article, the hackers website is intentionally leaking the name of the buyers of their website. Ethical hacking is very common in Australia and other countries (Pro, addresses, 2015). However, it is found that in this case the buyers of this website are not limited to their ethics. According to their reports, a large number of buyers requested to hack on their spouse's personal gadgets; other requested to increase their grades; even some of them requested to hack their rival's data bases. Initially, this website promised that the information shared by the buyers will be confidential, but Jonathan Mayer (security researcher) revealed that the site is leaking information that not only can help to identify the buyers but also states their motives or type of business. The Stakeholders: This article is very significant since a large number of Australian people are directly affected due to the publication of this article. The stakeholders of this issue are the buyers, who placed their orders on this website and their closely related personals. Thousands of job requests were revealed by the website. Among them, minimum a dozen customers are Australian. The list is embarrassing for the stakeholders especially for the Australians who placed orders to access their husbands mobile or requested to hack Tertiary Institutions Service Centre's website. The mane of the stake holder is "Jarmaa" (from Western Australia) who requested to the university website. Ethical Issues: From this article, a list of actions can be identified that are classified as "unethical." Such as a large number of female buyers were identified from the list who requested to hack their husband's mobile and personal devices, which is unethical. On the other hand, a student of Tertiary Institutions tried to hack the center's website, which cannot be considered as ethical. Another stakeholder is listed in this article, a person from NSW asked to hack rival's customer database. Although a large number of requests came to gain access to their accounts, which were hacked before, can also be considered as unethical. Non-Ethical issues: Although this article is clearly focused on the security breaching and mostly consist the list of unethical actions, it is recognized there are also a handful of non-ethical issues. First of all, it is a personal choice whether someone want to investigate about spouse's affair, which cannot be considered as ethical issues. On the other hand, towards some level asking for help to gain access previously hacked an account to own secure privacy can be considered as a non-ethical issue. Another non-ethical issue that identified in this article is hiring professional hackers through the website and by other means. Consequences: Most of the actions performed by the stakeholders in this article are unethical. It is recognized that the request of spying on the husband is an unethical action and revealing of the truth can lead towards the unwelcome events in marriage life. On the other hand, hacking in to the university website can lead to the termination of the studies and will possibly hamper the career of the student. Hacking in to other's database (competitor's databases) can be considered as a criminal offense. Moreover, hacking is itself a crime regardless of the circumstances, and the accused person may be sentenced to 2-10 years' jail. Ethical Analysis: Consequentialism: The theory of consequentialism is considered as the theory of fundamental ethical judgment, which is helpful to judge what states of the affair are good or bad, depending on the situation (Peterson, 2013). As mentioned in ethical issues, a large number of female buyers were identified from the list, who requested to hack their husbands mobile and personal devices (Shafer-Landau, 2010). This action could be judged as unethical since hacking in to someones personal devices are considered as privacy breaching (Crossan et al., 2013). On the other hand, a student of Tertiary Institutions tried to hack the centres website. Based on the theory of consequentialist theory it can be said that this action is also unethical. The consequences of this action may lead to the ending of the student's career and compromise his or her future (Mingers Walsham 2010). Therefore, this action could be judged as unethical. Another issue that mentioned under ethical issues is a person from NSW asked to hack rival's customer database (Weiss, 2014). Based on the consequentialism, the action cannot be supported. This action is intrinsically bad since the consequences can lead to the destruction of a company's reputation (Bynum, 2010). Although a large number of requests came to gain access to their accounts, which were hacked before, can also be considered as unethical since the states of affairs are intrinsically bad. Options: In this article, the author was completely focused on the unethical issues that are related to the cyber crime. Although in this context all of the stake holders committed unethical actions, it can be said that there may be other options to avoid the unethical actions. The options are as follows- The female buyers can recruit private investigators to investigate the affairs about their husbands and escape the burden of hiring a hacker The students should not hack their canters database regardless of the circumstances and concentrate in their studies to increase their marks. Another stakeholder who asked to hack rival companys database can avoid this action just improving their own business and making research about the rival groups. Conclusions: After reviewing the article on cyber crime, it can be recommended that the easiest step to hire hackers is to take hep from the private investigators or police who have knowledge and authority to access all kind of database. However, this recommendation is only for those who meant to hire the hackers for some semi-ethical tasks and not for unethical one. Taking help from the police is always ethical and posses less threat of revealing identity. Reference: Bynum, T. W. (2010). The historical roots of information and computer ethics.The Cambridge handbook of information and computer ethics, 20-39. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), 567-581. Mingers, J., Walsham, G. (2010). Toward ethical information systems: the contribution of discourse ethics.Mis Quarterly,34(4), 833-854. Peterson, M. (2013).The dimensions of consequentialism: Ethics, equality and risk. Cambridge University Press. Pro, I., IT, S., addresses, R. (2015).Rent-a-hacker site leaks Australian buyers' names and addresses.The Sydney Morning Herald. Shafer-Landau, R. (2010). The fundamentals of ethics. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The concept map for teaching spoken English

Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The concept map for teaching spoken English specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differences between the two concept maps The first map is a simple representation of what the teacher would involve in teaching spoken English. On the other hand, the second map is a detailed map with explicit contents of all elements of teaching spoken English, implementation, and evaluation. The first map provides an overview of the lesson and its fundamental concepts. After the teacher had reviewed materials for teaching the spoken English to ESL class, he developed the second map based on new knowledge gained. Thus, the second map provides all features that the teacher requires to implement the lesson effectively. The first map only presents various features of the spoken English. The second map gives different details of what the teacher should teach in the spoken English lesson. For instance , speaking skills, pronunciation, and listening skills are core aspects of spoken English, which are in the second map. They also extend to highlight specific levels of teaching i.e., word and sound levels.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under pronunciation, we can see that drilling is the best approach for vowels and consonants as highlighted in the first map. However, the second map breaks it down to aspects like voicing, place, and manner. Moreover, there are other elements of pronunciation, which one can identify, such as communication, sounds, variations in sound production, and other non-fluency features like repetition. It is also important to note that the second map has clearly identified specific roles of the teacher and students. One can also identify different levels of students’ capabilities like beginner or elementary, intermediate, and advanced levels. The second map has introduced detailed elements of teaching. For instance, we have the whole lesson, the distinct phase, and the integrated phase. In the second map, the teacher can also identify assessment details of the spoken English lesson. The second map has included planning details so that the teacher can have a logical way of teaching lesson contents. Therefore, the teacher can implement the lesson effectively without challenges. These features are not in the first map. The second map has unique features, which interlinks the entire lesson and planning processes to all other activities of the lesson. For instance, there is a direct arrow from the whole lesson to lesson planning. Such arrows are also present in stages of lesson planning and the role of the teacher and students. In addition, there are also curves, which show the direction of movement between activities. They show that the lesson is unified whole, and the teacher must follow sequences for effective implementation. This shows that knowledge acquisition in the spoken English lesson requires an integrated approach. The first map lacks pictures. In the second map, there are pictures embedded within the lesson. For instance, effective teaching of spoken English requires the teacher and learners to interact.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The concept map for teaching spoken English specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The picture identifies interaction between the teacher and the learner in the learning processes. In addition, there is also a picture of learners engaged in role-playing (student-student interaction) and playing in order to learner voicing, place, and others. Overall, the second map is a detailed presentation of how a teacher can implement a lesson plan of the spoken English in the ESL class. It shows logical sequences of learning and integration methods of teaching the second language and knowledge acquisition s. An approach of teaching English I would use in the future The initial approach would be to let students to understand the importance of spoken English in their lives. It is necessary for students to understand that the need to learn and apply spoken English has increased significantly among people from different parts of the world. Students must understand that such needs arise due to international activities like trade, job opportunities, tourism, further education, and travelling or tourism. Thus, people of different ages and nationalities want to learn spoken English to meet such needs. Learning spoken English will ensure that students can communicate clearly with self-confidence and effectively deliver their messages. They must also understand that English is a global language. At this study level, (our study level is intermediate) the teacher knows that students will not be able to learn English as children do because it is a foreign language. Given the complexity of teachin g spoken English (see the concept maps), it would be important to emphasise the role of practice in order to reduce effects of the first language on English. I will let the student know that they need an extra effort to speak fluent and accurate English. I would also be interested in understanding what factors may hinder or motivate my students to learn spoken English. As a result, my future approach of teaching spoken English would be a comprehensive approach based on needs and motivation of students.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My students are Saudi Arabia intermediate English students. They have learned English in the previous years. However, I do not expect them to exhibit high-levels of confidence, accuracy, fluency, and vocabulary usages when speaking English. Thus, my approach of teaching spoken English will also motivate learners to overcome their difficulties. My lesson would reflect the importance of teaching skills in listening, pronunciation, and speaking. These are important elements of effective communications. On this note, I would strive to understand general abilities and weaknesses of students in these aspects of spoken English. Herbert asserts that teachers should identify challenges, which students have in order to focus on such challenges when teaching (Herbert, 2002, p. 188-200). I will recognise that teaching pronunciation goes beyond sounds. As a result, I will incorporate word stress, intonation, and stress in sentences as parts of pronunciation for ESL learners. There are also linka ges in words, which my lesson would explain. During my lesson, students would note the role of their mother tongues and their influences on pronunciation of English words. However, an effective practice would ensure that students gain confidence and improve their communication skills (Hewings, 2007, p. 30). It will also be important to let students to know that it would be unrealistic to achieve the level of a native speaker in English pronunciation. It would also be important to encourage students to practice pronunciation whenever they find an opportunity to allow them lessen the effect of their native language on English. Students will also learn speaking and listening skills. However, the choice of these skills would depend on the level of students’ abilities (intermediate). Initially, I shall encourage my student to master discrete skills in learning spoken English (Rost, 1990, p. 99-177). They will recognise various forms of words, cohesive text elements, and key words in spoken English. These may form the basis of the lesson. However, I will introduce students to interpretive processes of listening in which we will engage in understanding conversation and discourse. Students shall engage in reading written texts loudly. During this process, I will emphasise the role of students whenever they are reading texts aloud. For instance, contemporary approaches of teaching listening skills require students to be active participants in the process of learning. In this regard, I would encourage my students to develop their listening skills by using various strategies to enhance, monitor, and assess such skills. Thus, my class would emphasise the role of students as active listeners. Doff observes that students must acquire both listening and speaking skills in order to realise successful conversations (Doff, 1988, p. 78-90). Traditionally, students would repeat what the teacher has said, memorise a conversation or a story and provide answer to drills. Thes e were sentence-based approaches to achieve proficiency in repetition or drill approaches. However, I would apply a communicative-based approach to teach spoken English (Richards, 2008, p. 1-2). In this context, I would encourage my students to develop speaking skills through generating ideas and solving tasks with the aim of developing fluency, accuracy, and vocabulary. Thus, I would apply information-gap and encourage students to use spoken English in real communications based on knowledge acquired previously. This strategy would allow students to acquire skills in communication and engage in meaningful negotiations, which would help them to develop effective oral skills. I shall encourage clarity and observation of grammar rules as Hedge notes (Hedge, 2000, p. 259). Teaching requires effective planning of the lesson plan. According to Butt, good planning, classroom management, and sustained performance are the best ways of ensuring effective learning (Butt, 2006, p. 65-80). As a teacher, I would make sure that I carefully plan my lessons by organising them in terms of introduction or warmer, pre-task activities, during tasks, and post-tasks activities. Warmer activities would be useful for preparing students for active participation in the spoken English lesson. At the intermediate level, students will engage in discussions, peer-to-peer activities, self-tests, and evaluation. Every stage of the lesson would indicate the role of the teacher and students. The aim of planning my lesson is to ensure that students remain active throughout the lesson. Baker and Westrup pointed out that engaging students in a lesson usually makes them active and apply acquired skills in learning (Baker and Westrup, 2003, p. 21-30). Engaging students in the lesson would ensure that they concentrate on learning activities. Besides, I would be able to encourage slow learners to participate in various activities. Activities in teaching spoken English would be able to motivate student s to contribute in learning and developing self-confidence for effective communication in English. Hedge encourages teachers to balance their lesson plans in spoken English so that students can develop both accuracy and fluency (Hedge, 2000, p. 259). At the intermediate level, I would focus on both accuracy and fluency as we develop fluency because my student would not have mastered accuracy in spoken English. In my class, I shall encourage the use of information gap, restricted conversation, storytelling, role-play, jokes, discussions, and use of games. I have also learned the importance of a good learning environment for learners. I shall ensure that the class has a favourable environment, which will encourage all students to take part in oral presentations. This would ensure that we do not leave slow learners as others progress. Collie and Slater note that a favourable classroom environment can promote learning of fluency (Collie and Slater, 1993, p. 8). In this context, I would focus on effective topic presentation, classroom management and student participation. Student errors and feedback will form the basis of developing an evaluation plan. I shall provide feedback and encourage students to generate correct answers. No feedback shall upset any student. I shall pay special attention to student assessment. Validity, reliability, and practicality of students’ assessment tools are critical for evaluation of the teacher’s lesson outcomes. It would be important to ensure that tests have a suitable scoring and grading rubric in order to enhance reliability of assessment tools. Burgess and Head note the importance of knowing test criteria among students (Burgess and Head, 2005, p. 99-120). I would use different methods to test students learning outcomes. These may include information gap, interviews, and controlled interviews. I shall expect to see some levels of improvement among slow learners while fast learners will display improved fluency and accuracy. Overall, my teaching approach would encourage students to master English speech sounds like vowels and constants, stress, intonation, and rhythm as they also recognise manner and place. It will encourage a reasonable level of accuracy, use of vocabulary, and fluency among students. Thus, students would know what to say, and how to say it in any given context. References Baker, J., and Westrup, H. (2003). Essential Speaking Skills. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Burgess, S., and Head, Katie. (2005). How to Teach for Exams. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Butt, G. (2006). Lesson Planning. London : Continuum International Publishing Group. Collie, J., and Slater, S. (1993). Speaking 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Doff, A. (1988). Teach English: A Training Course for Teachers-Tacher’s Workbook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Herbert, J. (2002). PracTESOL: It’s not what you say, but how you say it. In J. C. Richards and W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching (pp. 188-200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hewings, M. (2007). Pronunciation Practice Activities: A resource book for teaching English pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Richards, J. C. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to Practice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Rost, M. (1990). Listening in Language Learning. London: Longman. This coursework on The concept map for teaching spoken English was written and submitted by user F1sher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Prior Knowledge Improves Reading Comprehension

Prior Knowledge Improves Reading Comprehension Using prior knowledge is an important part of reading comprehension for children with dyslexia. Students relate the written word to their previous experiences to make reading more personal, helping them to both understand and remember what they have read. Some experts believe that activating prior knowledge is the most important aspect of the reading experience. What is Prior Knowledge? When we talk about prior or previous knowledge, we refer to all of the experiences readers have had throughout their lives, including information they have learned elsewhere. This knowledge is used to bring the written word to life and to make it more relevant in the readers mind. Just as our understanding about the subject can lead to further understanding, misconceptions that we accept also add to our understanding, or misunderstanding as we read. Teaching Prior Knowledge A number of teaching interventions can be implemented in the classroom to help students effectively activate prior knowledge when reading: preteaching vocabulary, providing background knowledge and creating opportunities and a framework for students to continue building background knowledge. Pre-teaching Vocabulary In another article, we discussed the challenge of teaching students with dyslexia new vocabulary words. These students may have a larger oral vocabulary than their reading vocabulary and they may have a difficult time both sounding out new words and recognizing these words when reading. It is often helpful for teachers to introduce and review new vocabulary before beginning new reading assignments. As students become more familiar with the vocabulary and continue to build their vocabulary skills, not only does their reading fluency increase but so does their reading comprehension. In addition, as students learn and understand new vocabulary word, and relate these words to their personal knowledge of a subject, they can invoke that same knowledge as they read. Learning the vocabulary, therefore, helps students to use their personal experiences to relate to stories and information they read. Providing Background Knowledge When teaching math, teachers accept that a student continues to build upon previous knowledge and without this knowledge, they will have a much more difficult time understanding new mathematical concepts. In other subjects, such as social studies, this concept is not readily discussed, however, it is just as important. In order for a student to understand written material, no matter what the subject, a certain level of prior knowledge is needed. When students are first introduced to a new topic, they will have some level of prior knowledge. They may have a great deal of knowledge, some knowledge or very little knowledge. Before providing background knowledge, teachers must measure the level of prior knowledge in a specific topic. This can be accomplished by: Asking questions, beginning with general questions and slowly increasing the specificity of questionsWrite statements on the board based on what students have shared about the topicHave students complete a worksheet, without grading, to determine knowledge Once a teacher has gathered information on how much the students know, she can plan lessons to students further background knowledge. For example, when beginning a lesson on the Aztecs, questions on prior knowledge might revolve around types of homes, food, geography, beliefs, and accomplishments. Based on the information the teacher gathers, she can create a lesson to fill in the blanks, showing slides or pictures of homes, describing what types of food were available, what major accomplishments the Aztecs had. Any new vocabulary words in the lesson should be introduced to the students. This information should be given as an overview and as a precursor to the actual lesson. Once the review is completed, students can read the lesson, bringing in the background knowledge to give them a greater understanding of what they have read. Creating Opportunities and a Framework for Students to Continue Building Background Knowledge Guided reviews and introductions to new material, such as the previous example of the teacher providing an overview, before reading are extremely helpful in providing students with background information. But students must learn to find this type of information on their own. Teachers can help by giving students specific strategies for increasing background knowledge about a new topic: Reading summaries and conclusions of chapters in a textbookReading the end-of-chapter questions before reading the chapterReading the headings and subheadingsFor books, reading the back of the book for information on what the book is aboutOlder students can review cliff notes before reading the bookSkimming the book, reading the first line of each paragraph or reading the first paragraph of each chapterSkimming for unfamiliar words and learning definitions before readingReading short articles on the same topic As students learn how to find background information on a previously unknown topic, their confidence in their ability to understand this information increases and they can use this new knowledge to build and learn about additional topics.References: Increasing Comprehension by Activating Prior Knowledge, 1991, William L. Christen, Thomas J. Murphy, ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills Prereading Strategies, Date Unknown, Karla Porter, M.Ed. Weber State University The Use of Prior Knowledge in Reading, 2006, Jason Rosenblatt, New York University

Friday, November 22, 2019

Recycling and Reusing Classroom Materials

Recycling and Reusing Classroom Materials Teach your students good environmental habits by reusing and recycling classroom items at school. Not only will you be demonstrating how to live an Eco-friendly life, but you will also save a lot of money on classroom supplies. Here are a few ideas for taking your everyday household items and recycling them at school. Cans, Cups, and Containers A cheap and easy way for recycling at school is to ask students to save all of their cans, cups, and containers. You can reuse these everyday household items in the following ways: Crayons cans: Collect small butter and frosting containers and use them for your crayons. Crayon boxes tend to tear easily, and this way students will have a durable crayon container that should last all year long.Paint cups: Ask students to save their yogurt cups and use them as paint cups.Paint containers: Ask your local photo shop to donate their old film containers. You can use these containers for individual painting projects. They are durable enough where they can be used again and again. Cartons, Canisters, and Cardboard Containers Another way for recycling at school is to ask students to save all of their egg cartons, coffee canisters, and cardboard containers to reuse in the following ways: Egg cartons: Egg cartons can be used to sort items, or as a paint holder, planter, or sculpture. It can also be used for a variety of crafts.Coffee canisters: These can be used to store art supplies and make crafts, or they can be used in games.Cardboard containers: Cardboard fast food containers can be used for crafts or special projects. Bottles, Baskets, and Boxes Hair dye or perm bottles, plastic laundry baskets, and boxes are a few other household items you may have around the house. Here are a few ways to reuse them: Hair dye bottles: At the beginning of the school year, ask your students parents to save their hair dye bottles. You can use these bottles as glue containers.Laundry baskets: Use plastic laundry baskets to store stuffed animals, dress-up clothes, and supplies. These baskets are cheap and durable.Laundry boxes: Laundry boxes are an organized teachers dream. Cut the top off of the box and cover with contact paper, now you can use them to store papers. They can also be used for activities and games. You can even label each box according to subject, if you want to be ultra-organized.Baby wipe boxes: Baby wipe plastic boxes can be used to store markers, crayons, dice, pennies, beads, pencils, buttons, pins, shells, stones, buttons, or just about anything.Cereal boxes: These boxes can be cut and used as book covers, as a painting surface, or as tag board. Pawns, Paper Towels, and Plastic Lids The plastic tops of water bottles and the lids off of butter and yogurt are great as game pieces. Here are a few other ways to recycle and reuse plastic lids, and paper towel rolls: Water bottle tops: Water bottle tops can be used for game pieces. Have your students collect and save all of the tops to their water bottles. Color the clear tops different colors and use them as board game pawns.Paper towel rolls: Use paper towel and toilet paper rolls for crafts, such as a stargazer, binoculars, or birdfeeder.Plastic lids: Collect plastic lids from coffee, yogurt, butter, or anything similar to that size and use for crafts or in the learning center. If using in the learning center, clear lids work best for question and answer activities. If using for crafts, lids can be used as coasters, plaques, frames, or Frisbees. Additional Ideas Wrapping paper: Can be used as the backdrop of a bulletin board, for collages, as book covers, or for paper weaving.Shredded paper: Can be used to stuff pillows, bears, or special projects.Hangers: Can be used as mobiles to hang student projects, or as a banner. Reusing and Recycling Paper Do not throw away any of your old papers. Dated calendars can be used to practice number writing, multiplication tables, and learning roman numerals. While extra worksheets and old posters can be distributed to students at free time for them to practice or play school. Old textbooks can be used to practice important skills, such as having students find and circle vocabulary words, verbs, and nouns, or reinforcing grammar and punctuation.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Pop Culture icon about Superman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pop Culture icon about Superman - Essay Example Superman originated from Krypton where he was conceived but he was sent to earth before he could be â€Å"delivered† from the incubation chamber and he was the sole survivor from the doomed planet. Superman was then â€Å"born† on earth as his parents the Kents found him in a field and adopted him, he was named Clark Kent, as he grew up he discovered his superpowers and origins and he decide to use his powers for the good of mankind. When he was first introduced to Action comics he became an instant hit, this because prior to his appearance, there had been very few costumed crime fighters and definitely none with a superhuman abilities. His predecessors like the phantom got their powers from being physically stronger and smarter than their villains as well as sometimes incredible coincidences contrived by their creators to keep them winning all the time. The arrival of superman was therefore a refreshing change since audiences could read about impossible feats and not f eel cheated since the hero had superhuman powers after all. Nevertheless, the very nature of- superman was a source of controversy and criticism from the onset and which have persisted even today, by virtue of his kryptonite heritage, he is omnipotent by earth’s standards and impervious to any physical danger known to man (Shannon). He is immune to bullets, solar radiation, he has the strength to stop fling rockets lift buses and he can virtually achieve any physical feat without breaking a sweat. However in literature and film, suffering provides the key to sympathy and by extension identification all which are hard to come by in a character that can escape any foe and is virtually incapable of suffering at least in the physical sense. Nevertheless, this criticism wasn’t so apparent in the onset owing to the euphoria of a superhero character, in fact the idea of a perfect savior stuck a cord with the post-world war two audiences who probably appreciated the fantasy of a morally incorruptible sentinel who could watch over the world and vanquish any forces of evil. When the first superman movie came out in 1978, it was a resounding success in regard to direction and cultural programming, for the first time, in a long time the film audiences encountered a protagonist who want unlikeable and deeply flawed. Prior heroes included the likes of Michael Corleone and Randal Murphy and other antihero-like protagonists who were just as much villains as they were heroes. His appeal was added to by the fact that there had not been, before him a character powerful enough to stop trains and pick up buses with his bare hands. He is however vulnerable to Kryptonite radiation and magic, his power although superhuman is not infinite and when he flies off to space he has to fill his lungs with air otherwise he would suffocate. Superman’s inflexible moral compass that drives him to use his powers for the sake of other has been touted as one of the appeals of t he superman films and cartoon as it was seen to impart moral virtues in young viewers who were likely to model superman. Nonetheless, with time, the magic appeal of superman begun to fade and chinks started

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Journal entry on reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journal entry on reading - Essay Example Although Polly is also a woman, she takes the role of a voyeur which is more observed in males than in females therefore, Godwin does not treat her as a woman in his earlier discussions. Later on, he shifts spectatorship from Polly to the audiences who are watching the narrator’s storytelling. At this point, he already considers the main character as an object, a role often taken by females. This shift is a parallel to the change of heart of Polly who finally came to the realization that the woman she admired was not at all what she has always imagined her to be. In the aforementioned analysis, the writer takes time in considering the symbolisms presented by Polly but he also mentions other interesting materials in the film to clarify his points. For instance, he explains that in the scene where the curator calls Polly’s photographs â€Å"The trite made flesh†, the camera was placed in front of the character not to superimpose how she would react to the comment b ut rather, Polly was made the object of spectatorship. She is not the observer anymore but she has become the person to be observed. This makes clear that Godwin is more interested in the symbolisms not only of the characters, their actions or the materials used in the film but also the placement of cameras. Indeed, shots are important factors to be considered in film analysis but to the writer, he effectively manipulates his mention of such element to bring further his discussions of his interest in the characters through another angle of vision. In the case of the curator, as a person who has embraced a job known to be dominated by males, she is said to be used as a representation of the males who are obviously minimally characterized in the film. The author then proceeds to link the curator’s position to male dominance by bringing to the picture her lesbian lover, Mary, who is also an artist. When Mary’s artworks were exhibited as the work of the curator, the artist , as a representative of female characters in fiction and real stories, is minimized to a sub-character. Meaning, Mary is placed behind the scene while her lover, a representation of the males, gets a magnified image. This is so because the curator is placed in the limelight as the artist who is applauded for a job well-done when in fact, she is not the artist. The analysis of Godwin resonate a lot of truths which are not just written with ink on papers but are generally observed. Indeed, even in this modern world where it is now observed that women can speak out their thoughts and feelings towards their male counterparts, there is still a great difference when it comes to being the object of gaze. Women may openly gaze at men and appreciate their physique but they are not as widely considered as men gazing at women. This means that time might have changed but the fact that the woman remains to be the object rather than the observer, is still more predominantly accepted. Considering the film where the characters are mostly women, one could just only imagine who would be the voyeur in a world of women then. The answer is quite obvious. The woman who has more grace and beauty attracts the gaze. This analysis of the writer is an eye-opener for viewers because one’s concentration is not just focused on the narration of the story but it also challenges the audience to look at the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Strength of Adhesives in a lap joint Essay Example for Free

Strength of Adhesives in a lap joint Essay Strength of Adhesives in a lap joint Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shear force refers to any internal force which acts in a perpendicular direction on a substance to its extension. For example air pressure along an air plane wing (Krenk, 2007). Compression test involves a measuring instrument such as leak-down tester used in determining internal condition of combustion engines; it’s done by compressing air into the cylinder and recording the rate at which air is leaking out.eg testing the condition of racing cars engines and other engines of vehicles with high performance (Chang, 2000). Double lap configuration refers to configuration of different timbers using PVA. Advantages of PVA Toxicity; its non toxic which can be handled without any danger but not healthy for consumption. It doesn’t have gassy fumes thus no need of ventilation in rooms which are closed or during cold days. Drying time; PVA dries up quickly. Normally, if applied in little amount it makes a thin coat which takes less than 30mins to dry up. For heavier applications it can take a lot of time of about 24hrs with other conditions being applied such as pressure. Reversible; its easily reversed using water. It implies that a material is attached using PVA, it can be removed using water such as in archival purposes (Merrick, 2005). Clean up; it can be cleaned up easily using soap and water without applying other toxic thinners. When dry, it can be removed by peel ding without causing damage to the surface. Characteristics of PVA PVA particles when dry they have microscopic appearances which are similar. Dry PVA particles are similar and significantly increase in size during nonionic contrast suspension. When each PVA group is measured and parameters compared using software program in a microcomputer, they present a non-consistent histogram. Initially their particles were obtained through rasping Avalon block. Their particles are related to fluid viscosity effect or their behavior in solution. This makes them to be compressible and flexible in nature. Characteristics of resin based adhesives Durability; resin based adhesives are more durable compared to other adhesives such as synthetic Resin based adhesives made of cement are more superior to those of glass and zinc phosphate. They temporarily form synthetic adhesives when polyvinyl acetate is suspended. Most of resin based adhesives are derived from polymers where adhesives of good properties are shown. Resin based has strong adhesion forces which makes them more durable compared to other forms of adhesives (Vlieger, 1995). Resin based adhesives appears in different forms such water based and cement based adhesives. Advantages of Resin Based Adhesives Inflammable; resin based do not contain flammable solvents which makes them friendly to human beings. They don’t wear and are resistant to shrinkage when they have dried up. Resins based are of high quality compared to other forms of adhesives. Their different forms such water based are eco-friendly due to their non toxic nature. They are moisture resistant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Double lap configuration is configured using access of light weight where adhesive forces are required in joining their respective wireless controller LAN. In conclusion, PVA particles are non uniform which have weak farces of adhesion. This affects the lap joints making them appear very weak. Resin based is known to be more durable making the relationship between lap joints stronger. References Chang, J. Y. (2000). Biopolymers, PVA hydrogels, anionic polymerisation, nanocomposites. Berlin: Springer. Merrick, M. J. (2005). The behaviour of PVA adhesives in chairs. S.l.: Furniture Industry Research Association. Krenk, S. (2007). Beam theory stresses in an adhesive lapjoint. Roskilde, Denmark: Risà ¸ National Laboratory. Vlieger, H. (1995). Results of uniaxial and biaxial tests on riveted fuselage lapjoint specimens. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory NLR. Source document

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Small Pox :: essays research papers

Smallpox has been one of the most dangerous and deadly curses’ ever placed on humankind. Even illnesses as terrible as the plague, cholera, and yellow fever have not had such a universal effect. Smallpox is a parasitic virus (a virus destructive to the host) called variola. It’s considered to be a â€Å"crowd disease†, spreading only through people and requiring a large densely populated area to survive. If the virus is cut off from new host bodies it dies out. Smallpox is spread by what is called â€Å"droplet infection.† â€Å"Droplets† refers to body fluid that escapes into the open air such as moisture does when you sneeze. The smallpox virus also remains active on a human corpse for up to three weeks and can be passed through the dead host to the living host that way and also through items such as blankets and clothing, which remain infected for up to one year. Patients affected with smallpox will generally begin to show symptoms 9-12 days after exposure. These symptoms begin with depression, fever, rigors, vomiting, headache, and backache. In several cases patients have become disoriented and/or delirious. In other cases a distinct rash will begin to form on face, hands and legs in this phase. All others with begin to notice the rash within a few days. Following the outbreak of the rash on the face, it begins to spread to the chest. Cuts that have formed on face and body begin to turn into blisters and eventually into scabs during the healing process. The virus may attack the eyes, lungs, throat, heart and/or liver and lead to death. The first recorded smallpox outbreak occurred in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war. The illness was passed from Egyptian prisoners to the Hittite population affecting both soldiers and civilians. Although it wasn’t until the late 1600’s that people in Europe and Asia accidentally discovered that those infected with smallpox through a scratch on the skin, suffered from a less severe form of the disease than those who contracted it through the respiratory tract. In the early 1700’s doctors began to store samples of smallpox pus and scabs in jars. If an outbreak occurred the doctor would make a small cut in a person’s arm and smeared the pus into the wound. This process of intentionally infecting a person with the smallpox virus in order to make them immune to the disease in the future was called inoculation. Small Pox :: essays research papers Smallpox has been one of the most dangerous and deadly curses’ ever placed on humankind. Even illnesses as terrible as the plague, cholera, and yellow fever have not had such a universal effect. Smallpox is a parasitic virus (a virus destructive to the host) called variola. It’s considered to be a â€Å"crowd disease†, spreading only through people and requiring a large densely populated area to survive. If the virus is cut off from new host bodies it dies out. Smallpox is spread by what is called â€Å"droplet infection.† â€Å"Droplets† refers to body fluid that escapes into the open air such as moisture does when you sneeze. The smallpox virus also remains active on a human corpse for up to three weeks and can be passed through the dead host to the living host that way and also through items such as blankets and clothing, which remain infected for up to one year. Patients affected with smallpox will generally begin to show symptoms 9-12 days after exposure. These symptoms begin with depression, fever, rigors, vomiting, headache, and backache. In several cases patients have become disoriented and/or delirious. In other cases a distinct rash will begin to form on face, hands and legs in this phase. All others with begin to notice the rash within a few days. Following the outbreak of the rash on the face, it begins to spread to the chest. Cuts that have formed on face and body begin to turn into blisters and eventually into scabs during the healing process. The virus may attack the eyes, lungs, throat, heart and/or liver and lead to death. The first recorded smallpox outbreak occurred in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war. The illness was passed from Egyptian prisoners to the Hittite population affecting both soldiers and civilians. Although it wasn’t until the late 1600’s that people in Europe and Asia accidentally discovered that those infected with smallpox through a scratch on the skin, suffered from a less severe form of the disease than those who contracted it through the respiratory tract. In the early 1700’s doctors began to store samples of smallpox pus and scabs in jars. If an outbreak occurred the doctor would make a small cut in a person’s arm and smeared the pus into the wound. This process of intentionally infecting a person with the smallpox virus in order to make them immune to the disease in the future was called inoculation.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Theoretical conceptual framework of the organizational structures of the elementary classroom

Chapter Two: Reappraisal of LiteratureThe reappraisal of literature is organized into five countries. The first country explores the theoretical/conceptual model of the organisational constructions of the simple schoolroom. The traditional, self-contained, schoolroom along with the different types of departmentalized instructional agreements. The 2nd country, pupil accomplishment findings in different types of organisational constructions are highlighted in a chronological mode. The 3rd and 4th countries look into reading and mathematics accomplishment at the simple school degree. Finally, the 5th country summarizes the reappraisal of literature findings. Theoretical/Conceptual ModelThroughout much of the twentieth century, simple school construction has been debated by pedagogues and decision makers ( McGrath & A ; Rust, 2002 ) in relationship to both pupil acquisition ( bettering both reading and math ) and teacher efficiency. From the early 1900s to 1930 there was a turning involvement in departmentalization, and during these old ages it was on the addition ; from 1930 to 1940 there was changeless argument between those who favored the self-contained schoolroom and those who favored the departmentalization construction, with each side claiming advantages to each ; between 1940 and 1949 more schools and territories were reported as giving up on the departmentalization facet than following it ; so in the decennary from 1950 to 1959, departmentalization was increasing once more, largely in the intermediate classs and junior high schools ( Lobdell & A ; Van Ness, 1963 ) . Throughout the balance of the twentieth century there was still a batch of argument but a bulk of the self-contained schoolrooms were used in the simple schools and the departmentalized attack was being used in the junior high and high schools. Today, there is some departmentalization go oning in the primary classs, but non a great trade.Traditional Classroom StructureThe self-contained schoolroom is the most common simple school organisation used today ; Ackerlund ( 1959 ) felt that although self-contained maintains a better student-teacher relationship, it is hard for the instructor to be knowing and prepared to learn all topics.Departmentalized Classroom StructureAcross the United States departmentalization has been implemented in a assortment of ways. The American Association of School Administrators ( 1965 ) reported on a countrywide study that was conducted by the Educational Research Service. The intent of the study was to detect how many schools were implementing departmentalization, what fluctuation of departmentalization they used, and allowed the responding schools to explicate any advantages and disadvantages about departmentalization pertaining to pupils, instructors, and parents. The consequences confirmed that there were many simple schools that used a fluctuation of departmentalization. This study concluded that many schools throughout the United States have tried departmentalization, and some schools continued to utilize it due to its success. The consequences of the study concluded that departmentalization can be successful for pupils and instructors when implemented to suit the demands of the school. Student Achievement FindingssIn the yesteryear, a limited figure of empirical surveies and research studies have attempted to find the relationship between schoolroom organisational constructions and pupil accomplishment. Specifically, the literature has attempted to turn to whether or non a relationship exists between two outstanding types of schoolroom organisations ( i.e. , self-contained schoolrooms and departmentalized schoolrooms ) and student accomplishment ( reading and math ) within those constructions. Harris ‘s ( 1996 ) survey was on departmentalization and self-contained schoolrooms affect on sixth grade pupils reading accomplishment. In this survey 107 Chicago pupils were sampled in two groups. One group consisted of pupils larning reading in a departmentalized schoolroom construction and another group in a self-contained schoolroom construction. The reading comprehension was measured by the Basic Skills IOWA trial. The consequences were that self-contained pupils scored higher than departmentalized pupils significantly. Harris believed that this may be merely because 6th grade pupils may be excessively immature to set to the new modus operandi and do non necessitate changeless alteration. The undermentioned theory about departmentalization was studied by McGrath and Rust ( 2002 ) , when a school is departmentalized there will be both a lessening in academic accomplishment and a loss of instructional proceedingss, due to passages between categories. The topics of the survey were 197 fifth and 6th class pupils from a rural school territory in Tennessee. All pupils attended self-contained categories until 4th class. School A was departmentalized in fifth and 6th class and School B was departmentalized in 6th class. Academic accomplishment was measured utilizing the norm referenced Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program ( TCAP ) . The information for passage clip was by direct observation in the schoolrooms for two full yearss. The survey revealed that self-contained pupils performed better in linguistic communication and scientific discipline for both 5th and 6th classs. There was really small difference found in reading, math, and societal surveies. Trial consequenc es showed that all groups had shown betterment from the old appraisal. The information for passage clip determined that passages were more efficient in self-contained categories, but instructional proceedingss per category were non significantly different. The writer felt that self-contained categories performed higher academically. Reading AccomplishmentReading accomplishment in the province of Florida has been steadily increasing over the last decennary. Harmonizing to the 2007 National Assessment of Education Programs ( NAEP ) report the figure of 4th graders who score at or above the adept degree raised from 21 % in 1992 to 34 % in 2007. Eight class pupils in the province have shown an addition from 23 % of the pupils making at the proficiency degree in 1992 to 28 % in 2007. As portion of the pupil appraisal and school answerability plans of the Florida Department of Education ( FDOE ) , FCAT appraisals are designed to mensurate pupil accomplishment in specific reading content, as described by the Sunshine State Standards ( SSS ) ( FDOE, 1996 ) . Literacy is defined as â€Å" the ability to read and compose information to map in society. † Bing literate is critical for life-long success in about all enterprises. There is concern in our state about the reading accomplishment degrees of pupils of all ages and class degrees. Millions of pupils attend public schools in hopes of having a quality instruction ; nevertheless, for many pupils this dream will ne'er go a world. In today ‘s schools, excessively many kids struggle with larning to read. As many instructors and parents will corroborate, reading failure has exacted a immense long-run effect for kids ‘s assurance to larn to read ( NRP 2002 ) . Mathematicss AchievementMathematicss accomplishment in the province of Florida has besides been steadily increasing over the last decennary. Harmonizing to the 2009 National Assessment of Education Programs ( NAEP ) report the figure of 4th graders who score at or above the adept degree raised from 52 % in 1992 to 86 % in 2009. Eight class pupils in the province have shown an addition from 49 % of the pupils making at the proficiency degree in 1992 to 70 % in 2009. As stated before, FCAT appraisals are besides designed to mensurate pupil accomplishment in specific math content, as described by the Sunshine State Standards ( SSS ) ( FDOE, 1996 ) . DrumheadAckerlund, G. ( 1959 ) . Some teacher positions on the self-contained schoolroom. In B. O. Smith & A ; M. P. Franklin ( Eds. ) , School organisation: Theory and pattern ( pp. 199-202 ) . Chicago: Rand McNally & A ; Company. American Association of School Administrators. ( 1965 ) . Departmentalization in simple schools. Washington, DC: Writer. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/33/d1/35.pdf Florida Department of Education ( 1996 ) . Sunshine State Standards. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fldoe.org/bii/curriculum/sss/ Harris, M. ( 1996 ) . The consequence of departmentalization on the reading accomplishment of 6th grade pupils. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/14/85/4e.pdf Lobdell, L. O. & A ; Van Ness, W. J. ( 1963 ) . The self-contained schoolroom in the simple school. The Elementary School Journal, 63 ( 4 ) , 212-217. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/999836 McGrath, C. , & A ; Rust, J. ( 2002 ) . Academic accomplishment and between-class passage clip for self-contained and departmental upper-elementary categories. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 29 ( 1 ) , 40. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ehost/pdf? vid=4 & A ; hid=105 & A ; sid=9f145265-747a-4c38-893a-1fbebc6b49a6 % 40sessionmgr113 National Reading Panel. ( 2003, November ) . Teaching kids to read. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationalreadingpanel.org U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. ( 2007 ) . The states study card ; reading 2007. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //nces.ed.gov/ hypertext transfer protocol: //nationsreportcard.gov/ U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. ( 2009 ) . The states study card ; mathematics 2009. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //nces.ed.gov/ hypertext transfer protocol: //nationsreportcard.gov/

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Competence in Counseling Essay

Counseling is the professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems. It is advice, opinion, or instruction given in direction the judgment or conduct of another. Knowing how to posses personal qualities such as maturity, empathy, warmth, understanding, and knowledge. From a legal stand point ethics, morality, and law must be strongly conformed. It is accurate decision-making, knowing appropriate words to use, and knowledge of the governing standards that is required. Also knowing accurate information about culture and ethnicity of the present society. Aspects of Counseling Counseling has been misrepresented over the past years for different types of endorsements of products. In todays time the profession as far as counseling goes is now corresponded within its practice. The focus is on growth and wellness as well as clarification of mental disorders. In order to relate to the counseling field an understanding of guidance and psychotherapy must be understood along with having history of the profession. Guidance is leadership, instruction, or direction by helping others make important choices that affect their future in maintaining a productive and healthy lifestyle. An individual being taught guidance must learn to choose what values them the most in order to produce change within their life. This will give that particular individual a sense of direction by following instructions to becoming a leader. The goal in guidance is to promote resourceful and happy lives of individuals by helping them adjust to social actualities. Psychotherapy is a process focused on helping heal and learn more beneficial ays to deal with problems or issues within an individuals life. It is also a supportive process when going through a difficult time period or either under increased stress. It traditionally focused on serious problems associated with internal issues, personal issues, and conflicts. Normally psychotherapy is recommended when a person is struggling with a life, relationship, work issue, or a specific health concern causing the individual a great deal of pain or upset for longer than a few days. Counselors hold an important position that affect many lives throughout the course of a career. A counselor serves as an advice-giving role in a wide number of areas. There are many types of counselors, including school guidance counselors, psychological counselors, counselors for victims, youth camp counselors and more. Aspects of Counseling The vast majority of counselors are extremely caring people who are dedicated to their work and enjoy helping to make others’ lives better. There is a wide range of ideal personality traits that are associated with being a top counselor. One of the most important personality traits, if not the most important, is a keen ability to listen. In order to help people and find solutions to problems, the counselor must be a keen listener in order to best help the person seeking counsel. Counselors should also have an understanding of human psychology and possess a strong sense of sensitivity. Another ideal character trait for a counselor is having a strong sense of direction in order to find the best path to success for the people whom they counsel. Having a strong sense of direction usually solves problems more quickly and efficiently. Ideal counselor personality traits are a commitment to the profession, humanity and the client. The ideal counselor serves the assistance of the clients. The counselor will develop meaningful and trusting relationships with their clients and insure that this trust is not shaken or broken. An ideal counselor’s personality has a consumer first attitude and should represent a supporter and guidance role with nurturing characteristics to assist in the creation of a reliable bond between the client and the counselor. Other quality traits include their knowledge of the profession and its standards of practice, along with some background in psychology. A good organizational personality trait of a counselor is their willingness to promote efficient case management techniques. Aspects of Counseling As an effective counselor one of the main qualities needed is patience. Go to the next step of explanation only when the patient has clearly understood the content of the information you have provided. Therefore the counselor needs to have enough sufficient time for the patient, and should also be a good listener. Let the patient express everything he/she has to say, and give your inputs once when the patient has finished talking. A counselor should be very observant and able to interpret non-verbal communication for example if the patient looks angry, and then find out the cause of his/her anger first. An effective counselor should provide non-possessive warmth in a counseling environment. Smile and show concern and acceptance by showing comfort, empathy, and understanding to the patient. Counselors should have good knowledge on the topic /problem like compliance to medication. Some people do not take medication for the same reasons, while others demand medication. Understanding the factors why people may not do certain activities at specific time will help you to assist them better. Try to understand the feelings the patient is having in the counseling process. In other words put yourself in his/her position. Give the patient the opportunity to make his/her own decision from your message. Lastly be sure to make it aware to the patient that you as their counselor maintain confidentiality on what the patient tells you. This means that counseling must be done individually and privately. Letting the patient know that you maintain a high degree of personal reliability, trustworthiness and mutual trust as an effective counselor. Aspects of Counseling As there are three different levels of counseling relationships to be aware of nonprofessional, paraprofessional, and professional. Nonprofessionals would be considered as family, friends, colleagues, untrained volunteers, or supervisors who try in assisting those who are in need. Secondly, paraprofessionals are individuals who have received some sort of training in human relations. Lastly professionals are those who are educated with the nowledge to provide assistance on a protective and corrective level. While being the ideal, effective, and professional counselor you must also keep in mind that you must follow the ethical and legal aspects of counseling also. Ethics is defined as a philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduct and moral decision-making. You should also familiarize yourself with morality, which involves judgment or evaluation of action, and another major definition to know is law, which is the precise organization of governing standards that are established to ensure legal and moral justice. The law does not dictate what is considered to be ethical but what is considered to be legal. Ethical codes are there to protect the profession from government. They allow the professions to control itself and functions independently instead of being controlled by legislation. In making ethical decisions counselors familiarize themselves with casebooks, professional colleagues, and principles. It is very crucial that counselors become well knowledgeable with ethics for the sake of their own well-being and of their patients as well. Multicultural psychology focuses on the cultural differences in thought processes and acceptable vs. nacceptable behaviors. It relates to normal lives – such as home, education, work and relationships – but also to what is considered ‘abnormal’ or ‘normal’. Aspects of Counseling Knowing your patient plays a huge factor in counseling sessions as well. To know the cultural background of your patient can help you better relate to them as an individual. Many cultural ethnic groups live in the United States. A culture is behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, values, goals, and cognitive processes. An issue in multicultural counseling is the dominance of theories based on cultural values. A second issue is sensitivity to cultures in general, believes that are essential to counselors is knowledge of culturally different patients. Knowing that everyone is their own unique person, and have their own views on different things in today’s society. The counselor must also have the skills to work with patients of different cultures. Counselors must work in order to know their patients and their problems. European Americans when taken into consideration is a larger diverse population they are very common to the people of the United States. When counseling African Americans a counselor must understand the history, and coping mechanisms. Hispanics/Latinos a very diverse group as well, and regardless to their background they are very bicultural. Asian and Pacific Islanders are considered as hard working, successful, and not prone to mental or emotional distress. When dealing with many diverse groups like this a common theme is that counselors who work with a variety of culturally different patients must be knowledgeable about them collectively.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on Intertextual Response

â€Å"War leaves mental as well as physical scars.† Discuss the truth of this statement using evidence from No Pretty Pictures, short stories, extracts (from Night and other text) and poetry. When something drastic happens in your life it always leaves an impact on your memories. This has happened to those who have lived through wars, not only memories but also mental and physical scars. Some of those who have endured wars first hand and have suffered with scars both mental and physical left by war have recorded their experiences in autobiographies and poems. In ‘Losses’ Randall Jarrell, shares with the reader the losses and pain he suffered while he was at war and the pain he suffered after the war also. Although he survived he writes, â€Å"It was not dying: everybody died. It was not dying: we had died before.† He describes the death of others whom he cared for or knew and the destruction of his surroundings. Something inside him died, he was never the same after seeing massive damage inflicted on everything and he expresses this. In the last verse of ‘Losses’, he says, ‘It was not dying- no, not ever dying; But in the night I died I dreamed that I was dead, And the cities said to me: ‘Why are you dying? We are satisfied if you are’; but why did I die?’ Jarrell shares with the audience a taste of what was going on inside his head and sharing with the reader that dying doesn’t mean death of the body, but he is dying in such a way that his soul and personality was becoming different from before the war. He was killing people and his friends are being killed. He thought eventually everything around him will turn to dust, and was afraid he would lose his sanity and the person he used to be, thus leaving him mental scars from trauma caused by war and physical scars inflicted by war. This was also the case with Elie Wiesel the author of Night. He describes many incidents, which were so intense that it... Free Essays on Intertextual Response Free Essays on Intertextual Response â€Å"War leaves mental as well as physical scars.† Discuss the truth of this statement using evidence from No Pretty Pictures, short stories, extracts (from Night and other text) and poetry. When something drastic happens in your life it always leaves an impact on your memories. This has happened to those who have lived through wars, not only memories but also mental and physical scars. Some of those who have endured wars first hand and have suffered with scars both mental and physical left by war have recorded their experiences in autobiographies and poems. In ‘Losses’ Randall Jarrell, shares with the reader the losses and pain he suffered while he was at war and the pain he suffered after the war also. Although he survived he writes, â€Å"It was not dying: everybody died. It was not dying: we had died before.† He describes the death of others whom he cared for or knew and the destruction of his surroundings. Something inside him died, he was never the same after seeing massive damage inflicted on everything and he expresses this. In the last verse of ‘Losses’, he says, ‘It was not dying- no, not ever dying; But in the night I died I dreamed that I was dead, And the cities said to me: ‘Why are you dying? We are satisfied if you are’; but why did I die?’ Jarrell shares with the audience a taste of what was going on inside his head and sharing with the reader that dying doesn’t mean death of the body, but he is dying in such a way that his soul and personality was becoming different from before the war. He was killing people and his friends are being killed. He thought eventually everything around him will turn to dust, and was afraid he would lose his sanity and the person he used to be, thus leaving him mental scars from trauma caused by war and physical scars inflicted by war. This was also the case with Elie Wiesel the author of Night. He describes many incidents, which were so intense that it...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Facts on Mass Shootings in the US

Facts on Mass Shootings in the US On Oct. 1, 2017, the Las Vegas Strip became the site of the deadliest mass shooting in American history. A shooter murdered 59 people and injured 515, bringing the victim total to 574.  If it seems as if the problem of mass shootings in the U.S. is getting worse, thats because it is. Heres a look at the history of mass shootings to explain the historical and contemporary trends. Definition of Mass Shooting   First, its important to define this type of crime. A mass shooting is defined by the FBI as a public attack, distinct from gun crimes that happen within private homes, even when those crimes involve multiple victims, and from drug- or gang-related shootings. Historically, through 2012, a mass shooting also has been considered a shooting in which four or more people were shot. In 2013, a new federal law reduced the figure to three or more. The Frequency of Mass Shootings Increasing Every time a mass shooting occurs, a debate is spurred in the media about whether such shootings are happening more often than they used to. The debate is fueled by a misunderstanding of what mass shootings are. Some criminologists argue that they are not on the rise because they count them among all gun crime, a relatively stable figure year-over-year. However, considering mass shootings as defined by the FBI, the disturbing truth is that they are rising and have increased sharply since 2011. Analyzing data compiled by the Stanford Geospatial Center, sociologists Tristan Bridges and Tara Leigh Tober found that  mass shootings have progressively become more common since the 1960s. Through the late 1980s, there were no more than five mass shooting per year. Through the 1990s and 2000s, the rate fluctuated and occasionally climbed as high as 10 per year. Since 2011, the rate has skyrocketed, climbing first into the teens then peaking at 473 in 2016, with the year 2018 ending at a total of 323 mass shootings in the U.S. Number of Victims Rising Data from the Stanford Geospatial Center, analyzed by Bridges and Tober, shows that the number of victims is rising along with the frequency of mass shootings. The figures for deaths and injuries climbed from below 20 in the early 1980s to spike sporadically through the 1990s to 40 and 50-plus and reach regular shootings of more than 40 victims through the late 2000s and 2010s. Since the late 2000s, there have been 80-plus to 100 deaths and injuries in some mass shootings. Most Weapons Legally Obtained; Many Were Assault Weapons Mother Jones  reports  that of the mass shootings committed since 1982, 75 percent of the weapons used were obtained legally. Among those used,  assault weapons and semi-automatic handguns with high-capacity magazines  were common. Half of the weapons used in these crimes were semi-automatic handguns, while the rest were rifles, revolvers, and shotguns. Data on weapons used, compiled by the FBI, shows that if the failed Assault Weapons Ban of 2013 had been passed, the sale of 48 of these guns for civilian purposes would have been illegal. Uniquely American Problem Another debate that crops up in the media following a mass shooting is whether the U.S. is exceptional for the frequency at which mass shootings occur within its borders. Those who claim that it does not often point to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data which measures mass shootings per capita based on a countrys total population. Looked at this way, the data indicates that the U.S. ranks behind nations including Finland, Norway, and Switzerland. However, this data is based on populations so small and events so infrequent that its statistically invalid. Mathematician Charles Petzold explains on his blog why this is so, from a statistical standpoint, and further explains how the data can be useful. Instead of comparing the U.S. to other OECD nations, which have much smaller populations than the U.S. and most of which have had just one to three mass shootings in recent history, compare the U.S. to all other OECD nations combined. Doing so equalizes the scale of population and allows for a statistically valid comparison. This indicates that the U.S. has a mass shooting rate of 0.121 per million people, while all other OECD countries combined have a rate of just 0.025 per million people (with a combined population three times that of the U.S.). This means that the rate of mass shootings per capita in the U.S. is nearly five times that in all other OECD nations. This disparity is not surprising given that  Americans own nearly half of all civilian guns in the world. Mass Shooters Nearly Always Men Bridges and Tober found that of the mass shootings that have occurred since 1966, nearly all were committed by men. Just five of those incidents- 2.3 percent- involved a lone woman shooter. That means men were the perpetrators in nearly 98 percent of mass shootings. Connection Between Mass Shootings and Domestic Violence Between 2009 and 2015, 57 percent of mass shootings overlapped with domestic violence, in that the victims included a spouse, former spouse, or another family member of the perpetrator, according to an analysis of FBI data conducted by Everytown for Gun Safety. Additionally, nearly 20 percent of attackers had been charged with domestic violence.   Assault Weapons Ban Would Reduce Problem The Federal Assault Weapons Ban was in effect between 1994 and 2004. It outlawed the manufacture for civilian use of some semi-automatic firearms and large capacity magazines. It was prompted into action after 34 children and a teacher were shot in a schoolyard in Stockton, California, with a semi-automatic AK-47 rifle in 1989 and by the shooting of 14 people in 1993 in a San Francisco office building, in which the shooter used semi-automatic handguns equipped with a hellfire trigger, which makes a semi-automatic firearm fire at a rate approaching that of a fully automatic firearm. A study by The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence published in 2004 found that in the five years prior to the bans implementation, assault weapons it outlawed accounted for nearly 5 percent of gun crime. During its period of enactment, that figure fell to 1.6 percent.  Data compiled by the Harvard School of Public Health and presented as a timeline of mass shootings shows that mass shootings have occurred with much greater frequency since the ban was lifted in 2004, and the victim count has risen steeply. Semi-automatic and high-capacity firearms are the weapons of choice for those who perpetrate mass shootings. As  Mother Jones  reports, more than half of all mass shooters possessed high-capacity magazines, assault weapons, or both. According to this data, a third of the weapons used in mass shootings since 1982 would have been outlawed by the failed Assault Weapons Ban of 2013.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

U02d2 The Uninsured Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U02d2 The Uninsured Problem - Essay Example It was noted that this number increased to 255.1 million in 2008, when compared to 253.4 million in 2007 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). c) The year has also shown the decline in use of private health insurances. It was noted that the health insurance from private providers has reduced from 202.0 million in 2007 to 201.0 million in 2008 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). d) The government health insurance saw a higher level of applicants and people have turned more towards the government insurance than the private. The year 2007 saw a total of 83.0 million while this increased to 87.4 million in 2008 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). e) As mentioned earlier the private insurances reduced a great extent. In 2007 the total percentage of people covered by the private insurances was around 67.5% which reduced to 66.7% in 2008 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). f) The employment based health insurances also saw a decline and it fell from 59.3% in 2007 to 58.5% in 2008. The number of people covered by health insurance for employment bases also decreased from 177.4 million in 2007 to 176.3 million in 2008 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). CNN has also presented a report which talks of the issue of uninsured. Here in an interview with Ron Pollack, the Executive Director of Families USA, stated, ‘The huge number of people without health coverage is worse than an epidemic’. He also went on to explain, ‘Inaction on health care reform in 2009 cannot be an option for the tens of millions of people who lack or lose health coverage each year ... the cost of doing nothing is too high’ (Pifer-Bixler, 2009). The report has also brought out more details of the issue of being uninsured. The report also states that, ‘Critics say the number of uninsured Americans cited in the Families USA report is misleading. "No one disagrees we have a problem with the uninsured," says Douglas Holtz-Eakin, who advised Sen. John McCain on domestic and economic policy during the 2008 election’

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Comparative summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative summaries - Essay Example For developed economies, governments offer subsidies in the form of drugs and other equipments that aid in provision of medical services. Health care financial management Health care financial management entails the use of different financial strategies in managing the financial resources of a healthcare facility. According to Goldsmith, (2011), organizations choose financial management stratagems based on the mission and the objective of the organizations. For non-profit organization, careful management of financial resources is essential for accounting purposes. Hence, the reason healthcare institutions use flexible budget. In budgeting, financial management aids organization in forecasting on its mission. Profit organizations increase profitability when forecasting for healthcare service. Amerigroup is an American corporation that offers medical services to individuals who receive healthcare benefits as funded by the public. The entity is a profit organization that sources for its funding from benefits from Medicaid and children programs. According to Dunham-Taylor & Pinczuk (2004), the corporation engages in duties such as providing in-patient care services, disease management services, homes visits and consultation services. Additionally, the organization offers clients insurance covers. According to records from the US department of health, the corporation serves clients in different parts of the United States. In 2011, 2 million people in Louisiana benefited from the services of the company. During the campaigns, the company sensitized the public on the benefits of taking medical covers. Amerigroup operates by sourcing funds from sales of its services. Consequently, professionals based in United States manage the finances of the company. They plan, coordinate and mobilize resources with the objective of providing services to the public through healthcare schemes. Today, Amerigroup operates hospitals in the United States, with a majority of the institutio ns being private institutions. According to Goldsmith, (2011), Amerigroup is a profit organization owned by stockholders from different parts of the United States. The stockholders make decision on behalf of the company when it comes to planning and restructuring financial obligations at the company. When it comes to profits profit sharing, Amerigroup shares its earnings with stockholders who pay taxes at the facility. Policies unique to each financial environment Policies for organizations that aim at making profits usually differ from policies of non-profit organizations. Analysis of non-profit organizations indicates that the administration is exempted from taxations and other charges that increase cost of operations. On the contrary, profit-making organizations are taxed highly hence, the high cost of healthcare in profit making facilities. Furthermore, the financial structure of private organizations differs with structure of the government (Dunham-Taylor & Pinczuk, 2004). Heal thcare financial environment is characterized by the activities of profit, non-profit and governmental organizations. However, private organizations are the leaders when it comes to issuing insurance packages, planning and meeting the needs of clients. In a profit environment, the management uses policies that promote the interest of the company.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Entry Mode in the Chinese Car Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Entry Mode in the Chinese Car Industry - Essay Example As more and more manufacturing companies, operating internationally, face heavy domestic and global pressure and make increasing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) abroad, the research of the entry mode decision has caught the attention of managers and academic scholars. In this regard, many theories, which identify and focus on diversified variables that influence the entry mode decision, have been developed. After several years of continuous growth, China is now the fourth-largest automobile market in the world next to U.S., Japan and Germany. Even the development continues at just half its current pace, there is a possibility that China could leap into second place in 3-5 years. Automobile executives, facing flat or falling sales in their home markets, predict that China will become their biggest market on the next decade. Thus competitions in the Chinese car market will become tough, which will eventually mark down automobile prices to a rational level and extend competition in price, quality and after-sale service. Since there is an increase in the number of wealthy Chinese yearly and that the recent statistics reveals that Chinese private citizens have overtaken the government in the purchased of car units, automobile giants both at home and abroad look at the Chinese car market as their prospect. ... Probably the mounting of sales is attributed to the car loan offerings of banks, series of price cuts for homemade cars promoted by a tariff cut in January and the construction of additional roads. There is immense untapped growth potential in China's automobile market. According to government statistics, last year car ownership was only 1.5 units per 1,000 persons over the global average of more than 90 units. Besides, statistics also reveal that in the next five years about 32% of China's urban residents intend to buy a car. These results bode well for car marketers both in China and abroad. Giant global automobile industries now are either responding with vast investment or reforming models like mini cars that most fit the Chinese family use. Following Volkswagen and Citroen, almost all of major car manufactures, such as General Motors, Ford Motor, Honda, Fiat, Toyota and Mazda, made investments in joint ventures with Chinese carmakers successively thus intensifying competition for market shares. Unlike the international automobile giants, China's automobile industry is fragmented. Of the 118 car manufactures in China, most are small, whereas its top five manufacturers produced 37 percent of total output in 2001. However, with the current low labor cost which is only one-twentieth and one-thirtieth of that in Japan, the government labeled China as a "pillar industry" that has great room for development. But still it is expected to be a difficult process and the need for Chinese government restructure the industry is yet to realize. With the commitments to the WTO in 2003, China has agreed to implement another round of tariff cuts for automobiles before ultimately reducing the tariff level for automobiles to 25 percent by 2006. Besides, China is also